Introduction to Programming

What is C++?

History of C++

Features of C++

Applications of C++

C vs C++

Understanding Compiler

Structure of C++ Program

Writing First C++ Program

Compiling and Running C++ Programs

C++ Syntax

Tokens in C++

Keywords

Identifiers

Variables

Constants

Data Types

Integer Data Type

Float and Double

Character Data Type

Boolean Data Type

Type Conversion

Type Casting

Introduction to Input and Output

cout Statement

cin Statement

endl

Escape Sequences

Taking User Input

Displaying Program Output

Practical Input and Output Programs

Arithmetic Operators

Relational Operators

Logical Operators

Assignment Operators

Increment Operators

Decrement Operators

Conditional Operator

Bitwise Operators

Operator Precedence

Practical Operator Programs

Introduction to Decision Making

if Statement

if-else Statement

Nested if Statement

else-if Ladder

switch Statement

Conditional Operator

Practical Decision-Making Programs

Introduction to Loops

for Loop

while Loop

do-while Loop

Nested Loops

break Statement

continue Statement

Loop-Based Programs

Pattern Programs

Number-Based Programs

Introduction to Arrays

One-Dimensional Arrays

Array Declaration

Array Initialization

Accessing Array Elements

Taking Array Input

Array Traversal

Searching Array Elements

Sorting Basics

Two-Dimensional Arrays

Matrix Programs

Introduction to Strings

Character Arrays

String Input and Output

String Functions

String Length

String Copy

String Comparison

String Concatenation

C++ String Class

Practical String Programs

Introduction to Functions

Function Declaration

Function Definition

Function Calling

Function Arguments

Return Values

Call by Value

Call by Reference

Default Arguments

Inline Functions

Function Overloading

Recursion

Practical Function Programs

Introduction to Pointers

Pointer Declaration

Pointer Initialization

Address Operator

Dereference Operator

Pointer and Variables

Pointer Arithmetic

Pointers and Arrays

Pointers and Functions

Practical Pointer Programs

Introduction to Structure

Structure Declaration

Structure Variables

Accessing Structure Members

Array of Structures

Nested Structures

Introduction to Union

Structure vs Union

Practical Structure Programs

What is Object-Oriented Programming?

Procedural Programming vs OOP

Features of OOP

Classes

Objects

Encapsulation

Abstraction

Inheritance

Polymorphism

Advantages of OOP

Introduction to Classes

Creating a Class

Creating Objects

Data Members

Member Functions

Access Specifiers

Public Members

Private Members

Protected Members

Defining Member Functions

Practical Class and Object Programs

Introduction to Constructor

Default Constructor

Parameterized Constructor

Copy Constructor

Constructor Overloading

Introduction to Destructor

Constructor vs Destructor

Practical Constructor Programs

Introduction to Inheritance

Base Class

Derived Class

Single Inheritance

Multiple Inheritance

Multilevel Inheritance

Hierarchical Inheritance

Hybrid Inheritance

Access Modes in Inheritance

Practical Inheritance Programs

Introduction to Polymorphism

Compile-Time Polymorphism

Runtime Polymorphism

Function Overloading

Operator Overloading

Function Overriding

Virtual Functions

Pure Virtual Functions

Practical Polymorphism Programs

Introduction to File Handling

File Streams

ifstream

ofstream

fstream

Creating Files

Writing Data to Files

Reading Data from Files

Appending Data

File Open and Close Operations

Practical File Handling Programs

Introduction to Exceptions

try Block

catch Block

throw Statement

Multiple Catch Blocks

Practical Exception Handling Programs

Even or Odd Number

Positive or Negative Number

Largest of Three Numbers

Simple Calculator

Factorial Program

Prime Number Program

Fibonacci Series

Palindrome Number

Armstrong Number

Reverse Number

Number Pattern Programs

Star Pattern Programs

Array Programs

Matrix Programs

String Programs

Function-Based Programs

Class and Object Programs

Constructor Programs

Inheritance Programs

Polymorphism Programs